Badaga | |
---|---|
ಬಡಗ படுக | |
Native to | Tamil Nadu |
Region | The Nilgiris, Kongu Nadu |
Ethnicity | Badaga |
133,500 (2011 census) | |
Dravidian
| |
Kannada scriptTamil script[citation needed] | |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | bfq |
Glottolog | bada1257 [1] |
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. |
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Badaga is a southern Dravidian language spoken by approximately 135,000 people in the Nilgiri Hills of Kongu Nadu region of the state of Tamil Nadu.The word Badaga, meaning 'northerner', refers to the Badaga language as well as the Badaga indigenous people who speak it.
- 2Badaga script
Phonology[edit]
Badaga has five vowels qualities, /i e a o u/, each of which may be long or short and until the 1930s were contrastively half and fully retroflexed, for a total of 30 vowel phonemes.[2] Current speakers only distinguish retroflection for a few vowels.[3]
IPA | Gloss |
---|---|
/noː/ | disease |
/po˞˞ː/ | scar |
/mo˞e˞/ | sprout |
/a˞e˞/ | tiger's den |
/ha˞ːsu/ | to spread out |
/ka˞˞ːʃu/ | to remove |
/i˞ːu˞˞/ | seven |
/hu˞˞ːj/ | tamarind |
/be˞ː/ | bangle |
/be˞˞ː/ | banana |
/huj/ | to strike |
/hu˞j/ | tamarind |
/u˞˞j/ | chisel |
Note on transcription: rhoticity ⟨◌˞⟩ indicates half-retroflexion; doubled ⟨◌˞˞⟩ it indicates full retroflexion.
Bilabial | Alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stop | voiceless | p | t | ʈ | c | k |
voiced | b | d | ɖ | ɟ | g | |
Fricative | v | s | ||||
Nasal | m | n | ɳ | |||
Approximant | l | ɻ | j | |||
Trill | r |
Badaga script[edit]
Several attempts were made at constructing an orthography based on English and Kannada. The earliest printed book using Kannada script was a Christian work, 'Anga Kartagibba Yesu Kristana Olleya Suddiya Pustaka' by Basel Mission Press of Mangaluru in 1890.[5]
Usage of vowels and consonats of Tamil script resp. Kannanda script to create Badaga script
Usage of Tamil script resp. Kannanda script to create Badaga script
List of Books in Kannada Script:[6]
- Anga Kartagibba Yesu Kristana Olleya Suddiya Pustaka
- Jonah
- Mana Kannadi
- Marka Bareda Loka ratchagana kade
- Zion
The Badaga language is also written in the Tamil script.
Dictionary[edit]
The Badaga language is well studied and several Badaga-English Dictionaries have been produced since the latter part of the nineteenth century.[7]
Notable people[edit]
Vani Bhojan, Tamil- Telugu film actor.
Sai Pallavi, Tamil - Telugu film actor, dancer.
References[edit]
- ^Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). 'Badaga'. Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ^Emenau (1931) reports no tokens of /i˞˞/, but suggests this is an accidental gap.
- ^'Badaga'. UCLA Phonetics Lab. Retrieved 9 May 2013.
- ^'Word List for Badaga'. UCLA Phonetics Lab. Retrieved 9 May 2013.
- ^http://gospelgo.com/q/Badaga%20Bible%20-%20Gospel%20of%20Luke.pdf
- ^https://archive.org/details/kannadabadagakur00brit
- ^Paul Hockings, Christiane Pilot-Raichoor (1992). A Badaga-English Dictionary (Reprint ed.). Mouton de Gruyter. Retrieved 6 February 2013.
External links[edit]
Badaga language test of Wikipedia at Wikimedia Incubator |
- Audio recordings in Badaga, with annotations in trilingual format (Badaga, English, French) – transcribed and translated by C. Pilot-Raichoor – site of the Pangloss Collection, CNRS-LACITO
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Badaga_language&oldid=935880329'
Languages | |
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Badaga |
The Badugas are the peoples living in the Nilgiri district in Tamil Nadu, India. Throughout the district the Badugas live in nearly 400 villages, called Hattis. The Badagas speak a language called Badugu.
History
The name Badaga, meaning 'Northerner' comes from Old Kannada 'Badagana,' meaning North. They were believed during the time of the Britishers to have descended from Lingayat refugees who settled in the Nilgiris in the early 12th century.[1]
They claim to come from seven siblings living in the Talamalai Hills. After they fled from a Muslim ruler who tried to rape their sister, they settled in different parts of the Nilgiris. The second brother, Hethappa, was working outside when two Todas raped his wife and took his goods. He sought the aid of two Bayaluru, who agreed to help him if they married his two daughters. They killed the Todas and the inhabitants of the village at the time claimed descent from the Bayalurus and Badaga daughters.[1]
Culture
Thundu (a white piece of cloth) and Seeley forms an integral part of the attire of the Badugu women.
Badugas marry within their community and follow their own marriage traditions. Their important festival is Devva Habba. Devva Habba provides significant insights into the origin of Badugas. They have certain rules and regulations to be followed in implementing their cultural rituals from the birth of a child and follows through functions like puberty, marriage, naming ceremony, seventh-month pregnancy, housewarming, and finally in death.
They worship their seven founding ancestors under the name Hethappa or Hetha.[1]
During time of early 1900s they were known to swear very solemn oaths by the Sri Mariamman temple. For this they bathed, brought coconut and fruit, and killed an animal. The head they put on the step of the shrine, and from seven feet off they would walk to the temple step and put out the light that was shining in front of the idol. Even the Britisher judges, in court, would also abide by this practice and occasionally send witnesses to do this ritual along with a Court official to ensure they were telling the truth.[1] Even today they place great reverence in Sri Mariamman: in April they celebrate a car festival at the Sri Mariamman temple in Udagamandalam when they pull the car with the image of Sri Mariamman to their music and dance.[2]
![Free Free](/uploads/1/2/6/2/126261740/791139327.jpg)
Language
The Badaga language is spoken by the Baduga community, which was formed in the Nilgiris out of small groups that banded together. LACITO in Paris houses numerous varieties of Baduga stories and songs collected over the past two decades.[3]
Education
Several Badaga have become officials in various parts of the Indian Government.Former Lok Sabha MP, the late Smt. Akkamma Devi, was the first Badaga woman to graduate from college and represented the Nilgiri Lok Sabha constituency from 1962 to 1967.Belli Lakshmi Ramakrishnan M.A., was the first Badaga woman post graduate in social work, and went on to be the first woman gazetted officer to serve in the Tamil Nadu State Government Department of Health and Family Welfare.[citation needed]
Scheduled Tribe Status
There is a long-standing demand to restore the status of the Badagas in the list of Scheduled Tribes under the Indian Constitution. The Badagas were on the tribes list during the British Raj, as per the 1931 census. After Independence, Badugas were on the Scheduled Tribe list during the 1951 census, but were later removed.[4]
References
- ^ abcdThurston, Edgar, 1855-1935. (2001). Castes and tribes of Southern India. Asian Educational Services. ISBN8120602889. OCLC49514631.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
- ^'Badgas' festival in Ooty draws large crowds'. Deccan Chronicle. 2019-04-09. Retrieved 2019-09-08.
- ^'Badaga language not a dialect of Kannada, claims French linguistic scholar'. Times of India. Retrieved 20 March 2018.
- ^'Include Badagas in ST list: Jayalalithaa requests PM'. The Hindu. Special Correspondent. 2011-07-30. ISSN0971-751X. Retrieved 2017-12-08.CS1 maint: others (link)
Bibliography
- Gazetteer of India by B.L.Rice, 1877.
- Mysore, Canara and Malabar by Buchanan in 1807
- Madras District Gazateer (The Nilgiris) by W.Francis, 1908
- Mysore, Canara and Malabar by Buchanan in 1807
- Letters on the Climate, inhabitants, Production etc., South India by James Hough, 1826
- Breeks, J.W. (1873), An Account of the Primitive Tribes of the Nilgiris; Nilgiri Manual, vol. i. pp. 218–228; Madras Journ. of Sci. and Lit. vol. viii. pp. 103–105; Madras Museum Bulletin, vol. ii., no. i, pp. 1–7.
- Hockings, P. (1988). Counsel from the ancients, a study of Badaga proverbs, prayers, omens and curses. Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
- Hockings, P. (1989). 'The cultural ecology of the Nilgiris District' In P. Hockings (Ed.), Blue Mountains: The ethnography and biogeography of a South *Indian region (pp. 360–376). New Delhi and New York: Oxford University Press.
- Hockings, P. (1999). Kindreds of the earth: Badaga household structure and demography. New Delhi and Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
- Hockings, P. (2001). 'Mortuary ritual of the Badagas of Southern India'. (Fieldiana: Anthropology, n.s., 32.) Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History.
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Badagas&oldid=934632327'